Europe gets its own rover ready for Mars

By Leonard David

updated 4:46 p.m. ET April 27, 2005

BOULDER, Colo. - There could be a decidedly European look to future hunts for past or present life on Mars, trips to haul samples of Martian rock and soil back to Earth, and other missions setting the stage for a human voyage to the Red Planet.

European Space Agency officials are taking steps to shift the building of the ExoMars robotic rover mission into high gear. The lander would be launched in 2011, likely onboard a Soyuz Fregat 2b booster from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana.

On arrival at Mars, ExoMars would be equipped to scout about for the leftover traces of long-gone life or still-thriving biology. Furthermore, the ESA robot is to help identify potential peril for a future humans-to-Mars mission — now resident on NASA planning charts as the year 2030.

Cost-saving approaches
A detailed proposal to proceed with ExoMars is being readied for consideration by ESA member states at the agency’s Council Meeting at Ministerial Level in December.

"An ExoMars goal is to look for signatures of extinct or extant life," said Gerhard Kminek, ESA Planetary Protection Officer within the Exploration Program, based at the European Space and Technology Center in the Netherlands. A request for approval and funding for the entire mission will be made at the ministerial meeting there, he said.

Kminek was here to take part in the biennial meeting of the NASA Astrobiology Institute, held April 10-14 and hosted by the University of Colorado at Boulder.

A decision has been made to land ExoMars without use of a Mars-circling orbiter that would set the vehicle free to spot-land on the planet. NASA’s telecommunications infrastructure around Mars would be utilized for the ESA mission.

These cost-saving approaches lower the mission price tag — putting it within the range of a $500 million to $600 million project, Kminek told Space.com.

Pasteur payload
Earlier this month, two key meetings of space engineers, scientists, ESA strategists and other interested parties crystallized on ExoMars, following two and a half years of study, Kminek said.

The go-ahead involves the integration of some goals from two Mars concepts that were also under review: France’s Netlander mission and a British-proposed Beagle II, a look-alike of the failed craft that was lost to Mars in 2003.

ExoMars will be outfitted with the Pasteur payload — a wide-ranging suite of international instruments, including U.S. experiments, designed to characterize the Martian biological environment.

Kminek said ExoMars would feature improved mobility over that of NASA’s dual rovers — Spirit and Opportunity — still at work on Mars for well over a year now. An additional asset on ExoMars and not on the twin rovers, nor the projected NASA Mars Science Laboratory, would be a drill to dig deep.

The Mars drill would be able to bore into topside terrain to a depth of 8 feet (2.5 meters), Kminek noted. "This is always considered as essential," he added.

‘Fetch’ rover
The ExoMars mission would be timed to work toward a future Mars sample return effort, Kminek said, a project that NASA is now eyeing for launch in 2016. "ExoMars can probably serve as a technology demonstration for some of the capabilities we want to contribute from the ESA side to a NASA-led Mars sample return mission," he added.

One option is building a second ExoMars-like "fetch" rover, Kminek said, one that might be simpler, but devoted to collecting and stashing specimens for an arriving NASA-supplied craft that would bring the samples back to Earth.

A NASA-ESA joint working group on the sample return mission is to be initiated before this summer, Kminek explained. NASA appears willing to involve Europe in ways that are mission-critical, and not in the manner that’s a replay of Europe’s involvement in the international space station.

For the Mars sample return mission, "it should be a partnership amongst equals," Kminek emphasized. Doing so stabilizes the whole project, "on both sides of the Atlantic."

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