Supercomputer on a chip unveiled

Multiple operating systems at same time
Cell is comprised of several computing engines, or cores. A core based on IBM’s Power architecture controls eight “synergistic” processing centers. In all, they can simultaneously carry out 10 instruction sequences, compared with two for today’s Intel chips.

The new microprocessor also is expected to be able to run multiple operating systems and programs at the same time while ensuring each has enough resources. In the home, that could allow for a device that’s capable of handling a video game, television and general-purpose computer at once.

“It’s very flexible,” Kahle said. “We support many operating systems with our virtualization technology so we can run multiple operating systems at the same time, doing different jobs on the system.”

Later this year, Intel and Advanced Micro Devices Inc. plan to release their own “multicore” chips, which also increase the number of instructions that can be executed at once. IBM and Sun Microsystems Inc. already sell chips with multiple cores, mainly for business servers.

Cell also appears to have an advantage in the number of transistors — 234 million compared with 125 million for today’s latest Pentium 4 chips. Traditional chip makers, however, have regularly doubled their number of transistors every 12 to 18 months.

Cell is said to run at clock speeds greater than 4 gigahertz, which would top the 3.8 GHz of Intel’s current top-speed chip.

Cell’s designers said they are running a variety of operating systems on the processor at their lab in Austin, Texas. But they would not say whether Microsoft’s Windows is one of them. In fact, they only confirmed running Linux, the open source environment.

The PC industry has seen a long line of chips attempt to usurp the x86 architecture pioneered by Intel that dominates today’s computers. But all have failed, and Intel remains the world’s largest chip maker.

In the 1990s, IBM, Motorola Inc. and Apple Computer Inc. pushed the PowerPC architecture. Though it’s still used by the Apple Macintosh as well as IBM workstations and servers, it failed to dethrone Intel.

Most recently, Transmeta Corp.’s Crusoe was supposed to challenge Intel’s dominance in notebooks. Launched at the twilight of the tech boom in 2000, it gained only marginal acceptance and the company is now considering plans to focus on licensing its patents.
Intel has since developed its own mobile chip technology, Centrino.

“Transmeta was also a disruptive influence in the market. And because of Transmeta, we’ve got Centrino and the advances that have happened in mobile computing,” said Steve Kleynhans, a Meta Group analyst. “Unfortunately, we don’t really have Transmeta anymore.”

For a challenger to succeed in displacing x86, it will have to perform considerably better since it also will break computing’s long-standing tradition of backward and forward compatibility, said Justin Rattner, who oversees Intel’s Corporate Technology Group.

“They’re going to have to show they’re able to do things that conventional architectures at least at the moment are incapable of doing,” he said. “That’s the fundamental question.”

The Cell’s specifications also suggest the PlayStation 3 will offer realistic graphics and strong performance. But analysts cautioned that not all the features in a product announcement will find their way into all systems built on the device.

“Any new technology like this has two components,” Kleynhans said. “It has the vision of what it could be because you need the big vision to sell it. Then there’s the reality of how it’s really going to be used, which generally several levels down the chain from there.”

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