Why being a ‘Good Girl’ can be bad

Polite, selfless and modest — this is how a '"good girl" is taught to behave. But, in her book "The Curse of the Good Girl," author Rachel Simmons writes that this paradigm actually diminishes girls' power and potential to succeed. An excerpt.

Introduction
Our culture is teaching girls to embrace a version of selfhood that sharply curtails their power and potential. In particular, the pressure to be “Good” — unerringly nice, polite, modest, and selfless — diminishes girls’ authenticity and personal authority.

The Curse of the Good Girl erects a psychological glass ceiling that begins its destructive sprawl in girlhood and extends across the female life span, stunting the growth of skills and habits essential to becoming a strong woman. This book traces the impact of the curse on girls’ development, and provides parents with the strategies to break its spell.

Almost ten years ago, I founded the Girls Leadership Institute, a summer enrichment program for middle- and high-school girls. I began asking largely middle-class groups of girls to describe how society expected a Good Girl to look and act. Here is a sample response:

• Blue eyes
• Little girl
• Quiet
• Perfect
• Sheltered
• Good grades
• Studies
• No opinions on things
• Well rounded
• Follower
• Preppy
• Has to do everything right
• Doesn’t show skin
• High expectations
• Honorable
• Tons of friends
• Polite
• Enthusiastic
• Generous
• Kind
• Boyfriend
• Intelligent
• Conservative
• Popular
• Wealthy
• Athletic
• Natural hair
• Listens
• Honest
• Respectful
• Always busy
• Organized
• Flirtatious
• Skinny
• Speaks well
• Follows the rules
• Doesn’t get mad
• Healthy
• Average
• Barbie
• Confident
• Perfect attendance
• Façade never cracks
• People pleaser

The Good Girl was socially and academically successful, smart and driven, pretty and kind. But she was also an individual who aimed to please (people pleaser), toed the line (no opinions on things) and didn’t take risks (follows the rules). She repressed what she really thought (doesn’t get mad ) and did not handle her mistakes with humor (has to do everything right).

The Good Girl walked a treacherous line, balancing mixed messages about how far she should go and how strong she should be: she was to be enthusiastic while being quiet; smart with no opinions on things; intelligent but a follower; popular but quiet. She would be something, but not too much.

We live in the age of the fiercely successful “amazing girl.” Girls outnumber boys in college and graduate school. They graduate at higher rates. In high school, girls pursue more leadership roles and extracurricular activities than boys do, and they are significantly more likely to see themselves as leaders.

But if their college applications are stamped with twenty-first-century girl power, girls’ psychological résumés lag generations behind. The Curse of the Good Girl erodes girls’ ability to know, say, and manage a complete range of feelings. It urges girls to be perfect, giving them a troubled relationship to integrity and failure. It expects girls to be selfless, limiting the expression of their needs. It demands modesty, depriving girls of permission to commit to their strengths and goals. It diminishes assertive body language, quieting voices and weakening handshakes. It reaches across all areas of girls’ lives: in their interactions with boys and other girls, at school, at home, and in extracurricular life. The Curse of the Good Girl cuts to the core of authentic selfhood, demanding that girls curb the strongest feelings and desires that form the patchwork of a person.

The curse is the product of a culture that remains confused about gender equality. In Meeting at the Crossroads, Lyn Mikel Brown and Carol Gilligan documented a crisis of connection in girls approaching adolescence. Girls withheld their true thoughts and feelings in an attempt to maintain “perfect” relationships. Nearly twenty years later, little has changed. In a 2006 study by Girls, Inc., 74 percent of girls said they were under a lot of pressure to please everyone, a nearly nine-point increase from 2000. Nearly half the girls surveyed said that “girls are told not to brag about the things they do well” and that the “smartest girls in my school are not popular.” A majority said they were expected to speak softly and not cause trouble.

In a 2008 study by the Girl Scouts, girls aged eight to seventeen worried that leadership positions would make them seem “bossy” and lead to negative attention from peers. Another study found girls significantly less likely than boys to want to be the boss or in charge of others. Our culture’s mixed feelings about girl power emerge most clearly in girls’ descriptions of “Bad Girls”:

• Piercings
• Dyed hair
• Dark hair
• Jelly bracelets
• Dark clothes
• Arguing
• Rule breaker
• Backtalking
• Foul mouth
• No respect for self or others
• Loud music
• Doesn’t care about her body
• Artistic
• Doesn’t plan long-term
• Doesn’t care what people think
• Parties
• Eye makeup
• Fights
• Cheats
• Lies
• Steals
• Tough attitude
• Punk
• Proud
• Dramatic dress
• Loud
• Selfish
• Speaks her mind
• Obnoxious
• Center of attention
• Rebel
• Slut

The Bad Girl was the picture of female failure, a reckless rejection of femininity, everything a girl was told not to be. She was the odd girl out with a bad reputation, low to no status, and few friends.

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Yet she was also independent and authentic. The Bad Girl was outspoken (speaks her mind ) and self-possessed (proud), a risk taker (rule breaker) and critical thinker (artistic, rebel, doesn’t care what people think). She was comfortable being in charge (center of attention). But she was nothing if not an outcast, an example to Good Girls of what happened when you strayed from the program. Being Bad was social suicide: a big, red F in Girl.

So despite the age of girl power, attitudes are slow to change. Go on, we seem to be telling girls, but not too far, and at your own risk. Buckle down, but don’t speak up. Debate your peers in class, but be “nice” about it. Be something, but not too much.

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