Oracle to buy Sun Microsystems for $7.4 billion

updated 6:24 p.m. ET April 20, 2009

SAN FRANCISCO - Sun Microsystems Inc.’s scramble to find a suitor landed the slumping server and software maker in the arms of Oracle Corp., which agreed to pay $7.4 billion in cash for Sun in a startling marriage that would transform Silicon Valley and the computing industry.

The acquisition announced Monday illustrates how some of the biggest and richest technology companies are racing to become one-stop shops for corporate and government customers. By picking up Sun and expanding heavily into hardware, Oracle would look much more like the company it beat out for Sun — IBM Corp., which appears unlikely to re-enter the bidding.

Heavyweights like IBM, Hewlett-Packard Co., Cisco Systems Inc. and now Oracle all want to offer a richer mix of technology products. The companies hope to find more hooks into customers and use those relationships to sell other kinds of stuff.

That setup, with a broad mix of services, software and hardware, helped Armonk, N.Y.-based IBM escape financial ruin in the 1990s and become one of the industry’s most profitable companies. IBM has forked out nearly $13 billion on 40 acquisitions since 2006 to expand its offerings. HP has followed suit, spending $13.9 billion for services provider Electronic Data Systems last year.

Santa Clara, Calif.-based Sun lacked that kind of scale, especially after the tech meltdown of 2001 knocked the company off balance and led to a decade of financial pummeling.

Sun’s best sellers are computer servers and machines that store data on tape. But Oracle and IBM mainly had their eyes on Sun’s software.

The deal would give Oracle ownership of the Java programming language, which is a key element of the Internet and runs on more than 1 billion mobile devices worldwide. Oracle would get the Solaris operating system, which already has been a platform for Oracle’s products. And Oracle would get Sun’s MySQL database software, which has undercut Oracle and siphoned some sales away.

All these products are open-source, which means their underlying code is distributed freely on the Internet. To make money from the software, Sun sells support contracts alongside those programs. Like IBM before it, Oracle believes it can make money off those properties better than Sun can, partly by selling other products in package deals.

Forrester Research analyst Ray Wang thinks Oracle could keep MySQL to put pricing pressure on Microsoft, a longtime Oracle nemesis that sells a less expensive database product.

“With the acquisition of Sun, Oracle is now able to make all of the pieces of the technology stack fit together and work well,” Oracle Chief Executive Larry Ellison said during a Monday conference call.

But unlike IBM, Oracle is a surprising suitor because it doesn’t make hardware. Although Sun wouldn’t be Oracle’s biggest acquisition during a four-year shopping spree that has cost about $40 billion, it may be the boldest.

Some analysts suspect Oracle might try to sell Sun’s hardware divisions if they turn out to be a drag.

“This is a really strange deal to me — Oracle buying all this hardware, I wonder what they’re going to do with it all,” said Jane Snorek, an analyst with First American Funds. “I don’t know what to think, frankly. It seems everyone wants to be IBM and have a mix. If it wasn’t the for the fact that Oracle is such a good acquirer, I’d be negative” about the deal.

Oracle shares sank 24 cents, 1.3 percent, to close at $18.82 in trading Monday. Sun shares jumped $2.46, 37 percent, to $9.15.

Oracle’s offer — which is valued at $5.6 billion when Sun’s cash and debt are taken into account — amounts to $9.50 per share. That represents a 42 percent premium to Sun’s closing stock price of $6.69 on Friday, and is about twice what Sun was trading for in March, before word leaked that IBM and Sun were in negotiations.

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