Wall Street explodes in historic one-day surge

About 3,030 stocks advanced on the New York Stock Exchange, while only about 160 declined — a reversal from last week, when declining stocks overwhelmed the gainers. But the trading volume of 1.82 billion shares was lighter than it had been last week, suggesting there was less conviction in the buying than during last week's selling.

Lynch described the mood among investors as "relaxed" compared to the hysteria of last week's crushing losses.

Wall Street was cheered by word from the Bank of England that it would use up to $63 billion to help the three largest British banks strengthen their balance sheets.

The Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank also jointly announced plans to work together to provide as much short-term funding as necessary to help revive lending.

After a series of weekend meetings in Washington of heads of the Group of Seven nations, the gains in global markets signaled that investors found comfort from the actions and pledges coming from government officials.

The surge in stocks comes after a dismal week on Wall Street that erased an estimated $2.4 trillion in shareholder wealth. The Dow, after eight consecutive daily losses that totaled just under 2,400, or 22.1 percent, finished at its lowest level since April 2003, and also suffered its worst weekly percentage loss ever, a fall of 18.2 percent.

Meanwhile, the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq each lost 15.3 percent last week.

Recoveries from past crashes have taken considerable time. When the market crashed Oct. 19, 1987, sending the Dow down 508 points to 1,738.34, the blue chips had lost 938 points, or 36.1 percent, since reaching a then-record close of 2,722.42 on Aug. 25, 1987. It took just over 15 months for the Dow to get back to its pre-crash level, and almost two years to the day — Aug. 24, 1989 — to reach a new closing high, 2,734.64.

The Dow has an even larger percentage drop to regain this time. By Friday's close, the average had fallen 5,713 points, or 40.3 percent, from its record finish of 14,165.43 a year earlier, on Oct. 9, 2007. More recently, it has had fallen 2,970, or 26 percent, from its close before the Sept. 15 collapse of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., the event that triggered the freeze-up in the credit markets and that sent stocks plunging.

Video   Wall Street’s explosive rally Oct. 13: A panel of experts on CNBC examines Monday’s huge stock market rally. CNBC

Investors have worried that banks' reluctance to lend to one another would imperil economic activity by making it harder and more expensive for businesses and consumers to get a loan. The mid-September bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. exposed major fault lines in the credit market as investors lost money on bad debt. That triggered a tightening of lending conditions.

"Everybody is basically waiting on the decision on where they're going to inject cash," Dave Rovelli, managing director of U.S. equity trading at Canaccord Adams in New York, said of Bush administration officials. He said with the bond markets closed, U.S. government officials are likely holding off on announcement of details about where it might invest money until all major global markets are open.

Rovelli said that a sustainable advance on Wall Street could prove elusive.

"Everybody knew that we were going to have an up day eventually," he said, warning that the rally doesn't necessarily signal an end of the market's troubles.

The dollar was mixed against other major currencies, while gold prices fell.

Light, sweet crude rose $3.49 to $81.19 on the New York Mercantile Exchange after oil fell to its lowest level in 13 months last week.

The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 48.41, or 9.27 percent, to 570.89.

Investors in Asia and Europe also grabbed stocks after last week's rout and the weekend moves by governments to bolster investor confidence.

In Asia, Hong Kong's Hang Seng index surged 10.2 percent. Markets in Japan were closed for a holiday. In Europe, Britain's FTSE 100 jumped 8.26 percent, Germany's DAX index rose 11.4 percent, and France's CAC-40 surged 11.2 percent.

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