How cloud computing is changing business

By Rachael King

updated 9:22 p.m. ET Aug. 4, 2008

At first, just a handful of employees at Sanmina-SCI began using Google Apps for tasks like e-mail, document creation, and appointment scheduling. Now, just six months later, almost 1,000 employees of the electronics manufacturing company go online to use Google Apps in place of the comparable Microsoft tools.

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"We have project teams working on a global basis and to help them collaborate effectively, we use Google Apps," says Manesh Patel, chief information officer of Sanmina-SCI, a company with $10.7 billion in annual revenue. In the next three years, the number of Google Apps users may rise to 10,000, or about 25 percent of the total, Patel estimates.

San Jose (Calif.)-based Sanmina and Google are at the forefront of a fundamental shift in the way companies obtain software and computing capacity. A host of providers including Amazon, Salesforce.com, IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft are helping corporate clients use the Internet to tap into everything from extra server space to software that helps manage customer relationships. Assigning these computing tasks to some remote location—rather than, say, a desktop computer, handheld machine, or a company's own servers—is referred to collectively as cloud computing , and it's catching on across Corporate America.

The term "cloud computing" encompasses many areas of tech, including software as a service, a software distribution method pioneered by Salesforce.com about a decade ago. It also includes newer avenues such as hardware as a service, a way to order storage and server capacity on demand from Amazon and others. What all these cloud computing services have in common, though, is that they're all delivered over the Internet, on demand, from massive data centers.

A sea change in computing
Some analysts say cloud computing represents a sea change in the way computing is done in corporations. Merrill Lynch estimates that within the next five years, the annual global market for cloud computing will surge to $95 billion. In a May 2008 report, Merrill Lynch estimated that 12 percent of the worldwide software market would go to the cloud in that period.

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Those vendors that can adjust their product lines to meet the needs of large cloud computing providers stand to profit. Companies like IBM, Dell, and Hewlett-Packard, for instance, are moving aggressively in this direction. On Aug. 1, IBM said it would spend $360 million to build a cloud computing data center in Research Triangle Park, N.C., bringing to nine its total of cloud computing centers worldwide. Dell is also targeting this market. The computer marker supplies products to some of the largest cloud computing providers and Web 2.0 companies, including Facebook , Microsoft, Amazon, and Yahoo. "We created a whole new business just to build custom products for those customers," Dell CEO Michael Dell says. "Now it's a several-hundred-million-dollar business, and it will be a billion-dollar business in a couple of years—it's on a tear."

One of those customers, Microsoft, has made cloud computing one of five priorities for fiscal 2009, according to a recent memo from CEO Steve Ballmer. Microsoft's version of cloud computing, Software-plus-Services, is designed to let customers choose whether they want traditional software, software services, or a combination of the two. In the memo, Ballmer promised that employees would hear more about the company's cloud computing platform initiatives in the next version of its Live and Online technologies, scheduled to be unveiled in October. About 9 percent of IT managers who responded in a Goldman Sachs survey said they planned to use Microsoft for software services this year in addition to those they already use.

Reliability a concern
Many chief information officers remain concerned about the reliability and security of cloud-based services. Events like the six-hour outage on July 20 of Amazon's S3 service, designed for developers who want easy access to storage over the Internet, give CIOs reason for pause. "It's hard to turn a big ship very quickly," says Daryl Plummer, managing vice-president of consulting firm Gartner. "You have technologies that are like cement in these businesses—they're hard to change and get rid of." Plummer says that about $8 out of every $10 spent on technology in corporations is for maintaining systems, rather than innovating.

At Sanmina, spurring innovation is one of the main motivations for investment in Google Apps, Patel says. "One of our strategies to be competitive on a global basis is to be innovative in terms of how we work with our different teams, with our customers, and our suppliers," he says, adding that his company operates in an extremely competitive industry.

The price doesn't hurt, either. The enterprise version of Google Apps costs $50 per user per year, while a license of Microsoft Office Professional retails for $499.99. True, Google Apps lacks some of Office's features. But Google Apps compensates in that it's more adept at fostering collaboration among employees scattered across the globe, Patel says. "We see [cloud computing] as a very compelling proposition in the long term," he says.

As appealing as the prospect of cloud computing may be, many CIOs, analysts, and even vendors themselves, see it emerging only gradually in the enterprise. "It will be a draining of the pond," says Dave Girouard, president of enterprise for Google. While more than 500,000 organizations of varying sizes use Google Apps, more than half use the free version, according to Girouard.

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