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1 million lbs. of suspect Chinese seafood in U.S.
Experts question FDA’s ability to police safety of imported food
 | A worker moves frozen seafood inside the cold storage warehouse at the Pacific American Fish Company, Inc. in Vernon, Calif. China is America's biggest foreign source of seafood, the 1.06 billion pounds it supplied in 2006 accounting for 16 percent of all seafood Americans buy. |
Damian Dovarganes / AP |
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At least 1 million pounds of suspect Chinese seafood landed on American store shelves and dinner plates despite a Food and Drug Administration order that the shipments first be screened for banned drugs or chemicals, an Associated Press investigation found.
The frozen shrimp, catfish and eel arrived at U.S. ports under an “import alert,” which meant the FDA was supposed to hold every shipment until it had passed a laboratory test.
But that was not what happened, according to an AP check of shipments since last fall. One of every four shipments the AP reviewed got through without being stopped and tested. The seafood, valued at $2.5 million, was equal to the amount 66,000 Americans eat in a year.
FDA officials stuck the pond-raised seafood on their watch list because of worries it contained suspected carcinogens or antibiotics not approved for seafood.
No illnesses have been reported, but the episode raises serious questions about the FDA’s ability to police the safety of America’s food imports.
Outdated system
“The system is outdated and it doesn’t work well. They pretend it does, but it doesn’t,” said Carl R. Nielsen, who oversaw import inspections at the agency until he left in 2005 to start a consulting firm, FDAImports.com. “You can’t make the assumption that these would be isolated instances.”
If the system cannot stop known risks, Nielsen said, how can it protect against hidden dangers, such as the ingredients from China that made toothpaste potentially poisonous and killed dozens of pets earlier this year?
“The FDA itself admits that this seafood needs inspection, but then doesn’t have the capability to inspect it,” Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., a critic of the FDA’s food safety record, said in reaction to the AP’s findings. “This is an example of government failure at its worst.”
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President Bush has asked a Cabinet-level panel to recommend better imported food safety safeguards. Chinese officials have promised to inspect fish farms closely for the use of drugs and chemicals, even as they called the FDA’s testing mandate illegal under world trade rules.
FDA officials acknowledged that some shipments slip through import alerts, but said overall they work.
“Any time you introduce a human element into something, I don’t think you can necessarily guarantee 100 percent,” said Michael Chappell, the official responsible for field inspections and labs.
Normally, the FDA inspects just 1 percent of the cargo it oversees. When goods land under an import alert, however, they are considered guilty until proved innocent: All shipments are supposed to be held until private tests that cost importers thousands of dollars show the seafood is clean. Sometimes, the FDA double-checks those tests in its own labs. Products can be detained for months, irking importers.
A shipment can escape inspection if, for example, a company uses a name or address not on an import alert, Chappell said. That appears to be what happened in one case AP found.
Also, FDA workers who must review hundreds of shipments that flash across a computer screen each day may miss some tagged for testing.
The agency has about 450 budgeted positions for screening approximately 20 million shipments annually of such things as fish, fruit and medical devices. At a congressional hearing last month, FDA employees doubted whether they have the resources to do the job.
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