Prehistoric fish packed a mean bite

By Robert Roy Britt

LiveScience managing editor

updated 1:32 a.m. ET Nov. 29, 2006

It was big. It was mean. And it could bite a shark in two.

Scientists say Dunkleosteus terrelli might have been "the first king of the beasts." The prehistoric fish was 33 feet long and weighed up to four tons. It had bladed jaws, a flesh-tearing feature that the sharks it preyed upon had not yet developed.

Now scientists have learned Dunkleosteus had the most powerful jaws of any fish ever, its bite rivaling that of T. rex and modern alligators.

The creature lived 400 million years ago.

"Dunkleosteus was able to devour anything in its environment," said study leader Philip Anderson, at the Department of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago.

Scientists already knew Dunkleosteus was the dominant predator of its time.

But Anderson and Mark Westneat, curator of fishes at the Field Museum in Chicago, used a fossil of the creature to make a computer model of its muscles and its bite. They conclude that could chomp with 1,100 pounds of force, which translates to 8,000 pounds per square inch at the tip of a fang.

Field Museum via Reuters This artist's rendition shows the armor-plated fish Dunkleosteus, a 33-foot-long, four-ton monster that terrorized other marine life in the Devonian Period, which spanned 415 million to 360 million years ago.

And it was quick, opening its jaws in just one-fiftieth of a second. That action would have created suction to draw prey into its mouth.

Fish typically have a powerful bite or a fast bite, but not both, the researchers said.

Dunkleosteus was one of many species of placoderms, a diverse group of armored fishes that dominated aquatic ecosystems during the Devonian period, from 415 million to 360 million years ago. The beast's powerful bite would have allowed it to feed on other armored aquatic creatures of the time, including sharks and arthropods.

Had Dunkleosteus managed to survive, it would still be counted as a fearsome predator today.

"If one could stage a battle between a [20-foot] great white shark ... and a maximum-size Dunk, I would bet on the Dunk," Westneat told LiveScience.

The research is detailed in the Nov. 29 issue of the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

An earlier version of this report included an incorrect conversion for the force of Dunkleosteus' bite.

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